NEUROLOGY IN IRAN

acoustic neuroma

Acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma, is a benign and slow-growing tumor that develops on the main nerve leading from your inner ear to your brain. Branches of this nerve directly influence your balance and hearing, and pressure from an acoustic neuroma can cause ringing in your ear, hearing loss and unsteadiness.

disc herniation

A herniated disc, also called a ruptured or slipped disc, is a fragment of the disc nucleus that is pushed out of the annulus, into the spinal canal through a tear or rupture in the annulus. Disks that become herniated often are in an early stage of degeneration. The spinal canal has limited space, which is inappropriate for the spinal nerve and the displaced herniated disc. Due to this displacement, the disc presses on spinal nerves, which usually can cause severe pain.

endoscopic brain surgery

Endoscopy is the technique of using a tube with a lens and a light source to look into a body cavity through a small opening. The endoscope has a light source and is connected to a monitor. The surgery is performed while looking at the screen to the magnified target. The purpose is to get to the target pathology or problem while minimizing the trauma to the surrounding tissues. This approach can be used to treat both brain and spine disease.

endoscopic third verticulostomy

This treatment can be an alternative to the placement of a shunt, but is only applied for a selected group of patients. This technique uses cameras navigated through the brain to create a small hole which relieves the increased pressure. The procedure is most common performed for patients with aqueductal stenosis; a blockage that prevents the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the ventricles (fluid-containing cavities) of the brain and may increase pressure within the head. Although hydrocephalus is often described as “water on the brain”, the “water” refers to CSF, a clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

meningioma

A meningioma is a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor. This means it begins in the brain or spinal cord. Overall, meningiomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. However, higher grade meningiomas are very rare.

pituitary adenomas

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, just behind the eyes. The pituitary gland is considered to be the master hormone gland that regulates the body’s hormones. Most pituitary tumors are pituitary adenomas: benign, slow-growing tumors that arise from cells in the pituitary gland.

spinal canal stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spaces within your spine, which can put pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine. Spinal stenosis occurs most often in the lower back and the neck. It is most commonly caused by wear and tear changes in the spine related to arthritis. In severe cases, surgery might be recommended to create adequate space for the spinal cord or nerves.

spinal cord tumor

A spinal tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue within or surrounding the spinal cord and/or spinal column. Spinal tumors might be cancerous or uncancerous. Primary tumors originate in the spine or spinal cord, and metastatic or secondary tumors result from cancer spreading from another site to the spine.

spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition that affects the lumbar spine. It causes one of the lower vertebrae to slip forward onto the bone directly beneath it. It’s a painful condition but treatable in most cases. Both therapeutic and surgical methods could be used, choosing the best treatment depends on the idea of your doctor.